Finally, numerous ingredients in commercial supplements, sometimes presenting as contaminants or undeclared ingredients, carry a risk of inadvertent anti-doping rule violations ( Baylis et al., 2001). Furthermore, some may actually impair performance, often due to gastrointestinal (GI) concerns, while others are potentially detrimental to an athlete’s health. Although an array of supplements are marketed for the enhancement of sports performance, many lack robust evidence of an ergogenic benefit. Once these underpinning factors are accounted for, and the athlete reaches a training maturity and competition level where marginal gains determine success, a role may exist for the use of evidence-based performance supplements. Among these, a strong foundation in physical conditioning and sport-specific experience, in addition to a bespoke and periodized training and nutrition program, the latter based predominately from whole food choices, are essential. Numerous factors contribute to peak athletic performance. Within each section, the relevant performance type, the potential mechanisms of action, and the most common protocols used in the supplement dosing schedule are summarized. The supplements discussed here are separated into three categories based on the level of evidence supporting their use for enhancing sports performance: (1) established (caffeine, creatine, nitrate, beta-alanine, bicarbonate) (2) equivocal (citrate, phosphate, carnitine) and (3) developing. The following review focuses on the current evidence-base for a number of common (and emerging) performance supplements used in sport. However, it is important that any decisions surrounding performance supplements are made in consideration of robust information that suggests the use of a product is safe, legal, and effective. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.06.A strong foundation in physical conditioning and sport-specific experience, in addition to a bespoke and periodized training and nutrition program, are essential for athlete development. Second-tier natural antidepressants: Review and critique.
Chromium: Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet.National Institutes of Health: Office of Dietary Supplements.
Endorphin supplements trial#
A double-blind, randomized pilot trial of chromium picolinate for binge eating disorder: results of the Binge Eating and Chromium (BEACh) study. J Psychosom Res. Brownley KA, Von Holle A, Hamer RM, La Via M, Bulik CM.Chromium 4 mcg/mL chromic chloride injection, USP. Updated April 2002. Food labeling: revision of the nutrition and supplement fact labels. Liver injury from herbal and dietary supplements. Navarro VJ, Khan I, Björnsson E, Seeff LB, Serrano J, Hoofnagle JH.Cerulli J, Grabe DW, Gauthier I, Malone M, Mcgoldrick MD.Molecular mechanisms of chromium in alleviating insulin resistance. Whole Grains Council: Whole Grains: Good Mood Food!.National Public Radio: Break a Carbon Bond and - Presto! - Civilization.HealthAliciousNess: Top 10 Foods Highest in Tryptophan.Davita: Phosphorus in Foods: What to Know When You're on a Kidney Diet.Davita: Phosphorus and Chronic Kidney Disease.Office of Dietary Supplements: Chromium.
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